2022-2023 Seminar IV on the Object Relation
Raul Moncayo
拉康研讨班4: 论客体关系
In Lacan’s 1956-1957 Seminar IV, Lacan examines the post-Freudian development of object relations (Klein) psychoanalysis, and the British Middle School (Winnicott and Bion). He begins by returning to Freud’s definition of the object as structurally missing or lacking. For Freud and Lacan, the partial object is not the same as the Other. Lacan developed a distinction between the object, the small other, and the big Other of society and language. Both subject and object are determined by the social Other, and the loss that the Other demands from every subject. In the case of the mother, or the first Other, she gifts her breasts to her children that they then, in weaning, must also lose.
在拉康1956-1957年的第四期研讨班上，拉康考察了弗洛伊德之后的精神分析客体关系流派（克莱因）和英国中间派（温尼科特和比昂）的发展。拉康首先回到了弗洛伊德对客体的定义，即结构上的缺失或缺乏。对弗洛伊德和拉康来说，部分客体不同于大他者。拉康在客体、小他者与社会和语言的大他者之间进行了区分。主体和客体都是由社会大他者以及大他者要求每个主体的损失所决定的。就母亲或第一大他者而言，她把自己的乳房给予孩子，而孩子在断奶时也必须失去乳房。
In this seminar the lack of the object is understood through the Borromean knot and its registers (RSI). Lacan also distinguishes between the more feminine objet a from the masculine phallus. The phallus is a symbolic signifier, while the objet a is Imaginary and Real. The two are also related through an equation. The objets a close the gap of the imaginary phallus, or the signifier of a lack, while the singular objet a in the Real leaves the lack of the symbolic phallus open, giving access, thereby, to the Other jouissance. There is a lack of a signifier to represent the Real of the Third jouissance beyond the signifier and the phallus.
在这次研讨班上，客体的缺乏是通过波罗米结和三界（RSI）来理解的。拉康还将更女性化的客体小a和男性化的阳具区分开来。阳具是一个象征性的能指，而 客体小a既是想象的又是实在的。这两者通过一个等式联系起来。客体小a填补了想象的阳具或者说是缺乏的能指留下的空白，而实在界中的独一的客体小a则将象征性阳具的缺乏敞开，从而使主体能够接触到别他的享乐。在能指和阳具之外，总是缺乏一个能指来代表实在界中的第三种享乐。
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